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A single high-dose, closely supervised psilocybin session produced large decreases in depression and anxiety among patients with a life-threatening cancer diagnosis, with effects that were sustained for many participants at six-month follow-up.

Limitation: Small single-site sample, all participants had a cancer diagnosis, dosing occurred in a controlled clinical setting with trained monitors present, and results do not generalize to unsupervised or recreational use.

In COMPASS Pathways' second Phase 3 trial, a single 25mg dose of COMP360 psilocybin, given with psychological support, produced significant reduction in depressive symptoms for adults with treatment-resistant depression. Reported topline data showed the effect was sustained through 26 weeks of follow-up, a notably longer durability window than most prior psilocybin trials have reported.

Limitation: This is sponsor-reported topline trial data from a single-dose protocol administered inside a controlled clinical trial with structured psychological support, not the independent facilitation model used in Oregon's licensed program. The study population was adults who had already failed multiple standard treatments, individual results vary widely, and durability figures describe trial averages, not a guarantee for any one person. The therapy is not yet FDA approved.

The VA has launched the PIVOT trial at VA Portland to study psilocybin-assisted therapy for veterans with treatment-resistant depression. The trial is enrolling and evaluating feasibility and safety within a federal research protocol; it represents a significant step toward government-backed research into psilocybin for this population.

Limitation: This trial is ongoing and has not yet reported outcome results. There is nothing here to cite as evidence of effectiveness at this time, only that a legitimate federal trial exists and is underway. Enrollment is limited by trial-specific exclusion criteria and waitlists, and any future results will apply to a defined VA research population, not automatically to private facilitation settings.